Behavioral Neuroscience Summers

Honey Bee Ecology and Behavior Honey Bee Neuroanatomy Fundamentals of Neurocircuitry Sensory Afferent input for Proboscis Extension

Gating Proboscis Extension Learning to Drink Conditioned Proboscis Extenstion Motor Neuron output for Proboscis Extension

Acetylcholine ACh Octopamine OA Integration: Honey Bee Conditioned Drinking

Honey Bee figures Honey Bee Conditioned Drinking Neurocircuitry end     Acronyms/Abbreviations

Honey Bee Conditioned Drinking
IX. Honey Bee Proboscis Extension Reflex- Gating Antennal Input 
         	
	A. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORN - bilateral) send signals to the antennal lobes (AL)

		1. to the ipsilateral (same side) glomeruli of the AL
        
			a. ALs similar to olfactory bulbs in vertebrates

		2. Excitatory connections to projection neurons (PN)

			a. releases acetylcholine (ACh; cholinergic) 
            
				i. nicotinic receptors (nAChR)on target neurons
			
			b. 1° AL sensory-gated response
            
		3. Connections also to inhibitory local neurons (LNs)

			a. Signals are GABAergic

		4. processing necessary to produce the appropriate response
        
			a. aversive or rewarding
            
			b. but the basic reflex is simple 

	B. Direct processing of sensory information results in reflexive motor pathway

		1.  AL PNs project to motor centers in the subesophageal ganglion (SEG)

			a. 1st and fastest connection
            
			b. SEG is 1° sensory input relay
	
				i.  made up of 3 parts

					1) mandibular ganglion

						a) mandible sensory input/motor output 
                        
					2) maxillary ganglion

						a) maxilla sensory input/motor output
                        
						b) VUMmx1
	
					3) labial ganglion

						a) labial sensory input/motor output
                    
 			c. and motor output gateway

		2. AL PNs also project to LH and MB for learning
            
	C. ORN à AL gating à SEG 
    
		1. Direct
        
		2. rapid
        
		3. but modifiable
        
			a. AL GABA local neurons
            
			b. input from VUMmx1, LH, MB